The Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) has brought several advancements to manufacturing, logistics, and other heavy industries. Wireless communication lies at the heart of these systems, enabling seamless connectivity, synchronised operations, and data-driven decisions.
However, the unique demands of an industrial setting and digital technology’s inherent limitations can lead to communication challenges.
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Network reliability and latency
Industrial applications, specially manufacturing and logistics, require real-time monitoring and updates for time-sensitive operations. For example, factory machines and automated robots often need precise timing to ensure synchronisation and the safe handling of products. Shorter lead times are also ideal for increasing productivity and revenue.
Wireless networks are prone to shutdowns, interruptions and latency, which could affect the timing of the machines and vehicles. More than affecting profitability, machines going out of sync could lead to material waste and impact product quality.
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Connectivity and integration
One of the key functions of Industrial IoT is its ability to connect multiple devices into one system. Stable wireless communication and connectivity are essential to keeping real-time updates and accurate records, which are vital for smarter decision-making.
However, connectivity interruptions can affect data recording and transmission. Many systems also use various devices with different communication protocols, APIs and standards. These devices may not work seamlessly right out of the box.
Setting up an Industrial IoT system requires expertise. A company might need to hire a specialist or create a team with the skills and knowledge to effectively sync and connect all necessary devices in the system to speak the same language.
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Interference and signal degradation
Industrial environments are often much harsher on IoT equipment. Factories and similar facilities have a lot to contend with – vibrations, electrical noise, electromagnetic signals, thick walls, chemicals and dirt can interfere with or degrade wireless signals necessary for industrial IoT communication.
Installing wireless IoT devices in factories or warehouses requires careful planning and optimised positioning to ensure they face the least interference or resistance. Some delicate devices may even need shielding and mechanical protection.
Facilities may also want to explore solutions like Eigen-Beamforming, which helps signals adapt dynamically and reach the receiver in optimal form, even in multi-path environments. This approach thrives in complex non-line-of-sight environments, providing up to four times the transmit power and range.
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Cost and complexity
Transitioning from a legacy system to a complete Industrial IoT setup is a massive effort. Finding the necessary hardware, integrating different software protocols and maintaining connectivity costs time and money.
A company will likely need to train its staff extensively or hire a dedicated team to handle IoT setup, monitoring and maintenance. Businesses wanting to embrace IoT technology must prepare to invest a significant amount for successful implementation.
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Security and data privacy
Data privacy is a growing concern for businesses across many industries. In 2022, 26% of global cyberattacks targeted the manufacturing industry. Within the past year, 43% of UK businesses have fallen victim to data breaches and cyberattacks.
Industrial, manufacturing, and warehouse facilities often handle sensitive data, such as trade secrets, employee details or client information. If this information falls into the wrong hands, it could be disastrous for multiple stakeholders.
However, Industrial IoT is still a relatively young technology, and there isn’t a universal approach to handling cybersecurity concerns. The more complex the IoT system, the more challenging it can be to keep up with security tasks, such as creating complex passwords, maintaining detailed inventories and regular patching. Securing industrial IoT systems also requires extensive monitoring.
Transitioning into Industrial IoT from legacy systems is a large-scale, long-term effort that requires careful planning to ensure security. A company needs to set up a team to oversee security procedures and systems, protecting the company and its stakeholders from breaches and attacks.
Advancing wireless communication in industrial settings
Reliable wireless communication is essential for IoT systems in highly demanding industrial environments. Being aware of the challenges of maintaining such a system is crucial to addressing issues if they arise and making the most out of IoT.
About the author:
Zac Amos is the Features Editor at ReHack. With over four years of writing in the technology industry, his expertise includes cybersecurity, automation, and connected devices.
